Brick-kiln



(No Model.) 7 a Sheets-Sheet 1.

J. B. GRISWOLD.

BRIOK'KI-LN..

N0. 420 684. Pa,

ted Feb.4, 1890.

INVENTOR: did v Jam/2. fira's'wald MM BY M ATTORNEYS.

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(NO Model.) 3 Sheet,s--Sheet 2.

J. B. GRISWOLD. BRICK KILN.

, [A Pgtenfied 1890.

ATTORNEY UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JOHN B. GRISIVOLD, OF ZANESVILLE, OHIO.

BRICK-KILN.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 420,684, dated February 4, 1890.

Application filed June 7, 1889. Serial No. 313,522. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JOHN B. GEIsWoLn,

residing at Zanesville, in the county of Mus kingum and State of Ohio,have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Brick- Kilns, of which the following is a specification.

The object of my invention is to construct a kiln for burning brick, tile, or other ceramic material in such a manner that a perfect combustion of the gases and fuel can at all times be insured, in which the products of combustion enter at the top or bottom, and in which alternate up or down drafts ,are secured from the same furnaces.

To this end my invention consists in certain features of construction and arrangement of parts, as will be hereinafter fully described in the annexed specification and particularly pointed out in the claims, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, in which Figure 1 is a front View of my improved brick-kiln, one half of the same being shown in elevation and the other half being in central vertical longitudinal section. Fig. 2 is a top plan view showing portions of the kiln'in horizontal section, taken on the lines 1 1, 2 2, and 3 3, Fig. 3, said portions being designated by the numerals 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Fig. 3 is a transverse vertical section of my improved kiln, the furnaces being sectioned on the lines 5 5 and 6 6, Fig. 2, part of said kiln being shown in end elevation. Fig. 4 is a detail view hereinafter referred to.

I11 the accompanying drawings, A denotes the kiln, preferably of rectangular shape.

B denotes the ground foundation; 0, the main walls; D, the ceiling; E, the chimneys, and F the furnaces.

G represents door-openings, of which there is one formed in each end of the kiln.

The bottom or base of the kiln is formed of three sections, of which D is a filling of earth placed above the foundation B, upon which is mounted a series of transverse flues or openings M, forming a transverse chamber, which runs across the entire width of the kiln. Upon these fines is supported the floor L, which is provided with a series of longitudinal openings Z, which extend over the width of said floor.

A thin wall I is arranged within the kiln parallel with and close up to the main wall 0, forming between it and said walla vertical flue I, as shown. This wall extends up to a short distance from the ceiling D, and is connected with the walls 0 by cross-bricks P P, which are put in on the gable end, thereby making only the half fire-room on the gable-openings.

The lower portion of the kiln is formed in sections, and each section is provided with a furnace F at each end.

H H denote the flues, which are disposed one to each outer longitudinal side of the kiln, which connect with stacks H arranged at each corner of the kiln, as clearly shown in Fig. 2. Each of the longitudinal flues H is provided centrally with cut-0d valves V, which divide said flues into two sections each, and thereby cause each of the cornerstacks to create an equal draft at each end of the kiln.

The tops of the stacks H may be provided with suitable dampers arranged to be closed from the ground, so that by closing one or more the fire can be sent in different direc-. tions, if desired.

In the drawings I have shown a kiln formed of eight sections, numbered 1 to 8, which sections may all be in use at one time, or any one of them may be used separately, in a manner as will appear later on.

Each of the furnaces F, which areformed upon the outer longitudinal faces of the wall 0, is provided with two inlet or combustion openings R S, which pass through themain wall 0, one of which S connects with the vertical fine I, while the other R connects with a downwardly-extending opening K, which connects with the transverse flues M beneath the floor I The fiues M are divided into sections by extending one of the walls M of each section entirely across the kiln and connecting the same to the main walls C, as clearly shown. in Fig. 2, thereby forming a short longitudinal channel M at each end of and communicating with the lines M M, and with which the openings K communicate. The channels M extend below thebed of the flues M, connect with fiues or channels M located beneath the fine-bed M, and furnaces F, said channels being connected by means of the short passages h with a longitudinal fiue h, which is provided with a series of openings 7L2, which communicate with the main or draft fines II, as clearly shown in the drawings. A pair of cut-off dampers T are provided for each section, and are located to operate in the fine 71', whereby the draft for any one or all of the sections may be readily cut off.

As before stated, the inner wall I is extended entirely around the inside of the kiln, forming a chamber 1'.

It will be observed by reference to part 3 of Fig. 2 that the end fines I are connected with the slotted fioor L. By this construction it will be seen that when the dampers are adjusted to operate the kiln 011 an updraft, in a manner hereinafter described, a portion of the products of combustion will pass up through the slotted fioor into the end fines I and dischargeover the upper ends thereof into the kiln, thereby thoroughly heating the ends of the kiln. This wall is also connected with the main wall at the corners thereof, as shown at 1 thereby cnttin off communication between the side fines I and the end fines I. This construction is very essential, because if there were no division at said corners the products of combustion, when it is desired to use a downdraft, would pass into the side chamber 1 from the opening S around into the end chamber down through the slotted fioor into the fiues M and H.

In constructing the thin inner wall I prefer to connect the end portions with the main wall in the door by every other brick being partly laid in wall 0 and bound into the wall 1, thereby leaving a series of spaces, through which the fire can pass up and down, and thus more effectually distribute the heat.

By reference to Fig. 4 of the drawings the manner of connecting the walls I and G will be clearly understood. lVhile but one row of binding-bricks \V are shown, it is manifest that any number of such rows may be employed and arranged in such a manner as to admit of broken passage-ways for the fire.

Each of the end walls I is provided with an opening registering with the doors G, and above the said walls are formed openings or sight-holes Q Q, as shown.

The operation of the kiln is as follows: After filling the kiln artificial walls are placed in the doors G and the openings in the wall I. The kiln, if desired, is started to operate on an updraft. The draft from fines II is out off at the stacks H and an upward draft produced through the chimneys E. The fires from the furnaces run down the openings K into the openings M across the same and commingle therein. The products of combustion then pass up through the openings Z in the fioor, burn the brick, and pass out the chimney E. All of the sections may at this time be in communication, if desired.

If, however, the kiln is all burned except one of the middle sections, the fires would be continued in the furnaces of said section, the dampers T being closed so as to locate the heat in this section. The products of combustion would then pass up into the kiln and through the middle chimney, the others having been closed by suitable dampers. If, however, it was found necessary to throw the draft through the kiln at an angle, the middle chimney could be closed and either of the end chimneys opened, which would work the fire at different angles either way, thus allowing the burner to work the fire anywhere it may be needed on the updraft. When it is desired to use the kiln on the downdraft, the chimney-drafts are cut off. The fire will then go up between the main wall and the thin wall out over the same, down through the brick, through slotted fioor L into the fines M, and out through the fines 11 H into the stacks, the dampers in said fines being open.

From the foregoing description, taken in connection with the drawings, the advantages of myimproved kiln will be readily under stood. Its construction is simple,and may be accomplished at a moderate cost, and by it the bricks in the entire kiln maybe uniformly burned.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new is-- 1. A brick-kiln consisting, essentially, of a main wall and top, an inner wall disposed parallel to the main wall and extending up to near said top, joined with the main wall at the corners, forming vertical side and end fines, furnaces connected with the said side fines, a bottom slotted longitudinally, transverse finesdisposed below said bottom and communicating therewith, and draft-fines H H, connected with the said transverse fines, substantially as shown and described.

2. A brick-kiln consisting of a main wall and top, vertical fines 1, opening at their tops into the kiln, a series of furnaces communieating with said fines I, alongitudiually-slotted floor L, transverse fines M, disposed below and connected with the fioor L, and longitudinal draft-fines H, communicating with the fines M, substantially as shown and described.

3. A brick-ki1n consisting of a main or body portion, a top provided with a series of exitchimneys E, a floor L, having longitudinal openings, a transverse fiuechamber disposed below and communicating with said fioor, said chamber formed in sections, each section provided with transverse fines M, furnaces connected with each section of the fines M, draftfiues l-I, communicating with said i fines M, and dampers located in the fines II, whereby all of the fiue-chambers M may be put in commnnication or each chamber be operated separately, substantially as and for the purpose described.

4. The combination, with the kiln-body provided with a continuous vertical fine at each side of the interior thereof, opening at the top into the kiln, a series of furnaces connected with said fiues, of a longitudinally-slotted floor L, a transverse chamber located beneath said 5 floor formed in sections, each section provided with a series of transverse flues M M, communicating at their ends, as at M said ends M communicating with longitudinal flues M disposed below the flue-chambers M,

draft-fines H, connected with said fiues M to provided with a series of dampers '1, whereby the draft may he cut 01%, substantially as and for the purpose described.

JOHN B. GRISVVOLD. Witnesses:

J. W. LYLES, J. T. PALMER. 

